Why isn't Texas – with its natural solar endowment, semi-conductor expertise, energy business talent, and scientific leadership – a national and global leader in the solar industry? This two-part TBR article establishes the economic, public policy, and technological rationale for supporting the photovoltaics (PV) industry across the state. The first article, presented here, examines where Texas ranks among other states and countries in the adoption and manufacture of PV modules.